Medical Image Processing Laboratory

Representative Publications

Journal Papers Conference Papers Ph.D. Dissertations Other Publications

Journal Papers

P. Khurd, B. Liu and G. Gindi, ``Ideal AFROC and FROC Observers'', IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging , 29(2), pp. 375-386, February 2010.

L. Zhou and G. Gindi, ``Collimator optimization in SPECT based on a joint detection and localization task'', Phys. Med. Bio. , 54(14), pp. 4423--4437, June, 2009. PMCID: PMC2860871.

B. Liu, L. Zhou, S. Kulkarni, and G. Gindi, ``The efficiency of the human observer for lesion detection and localization in emission tomography'', Phys. Med. Biol. , 54, pp. 2651-2666, 2009. PMCID: PMC2860876.

S. Kulkarni, P. Khurd, L. Zhou and G. Gindi, ``Statistical Properties of SPECT MAP Reconstruction Incorporating Window Based Scatter Correction'', IEEE Trans. Nuc. Sci. , 56(1), pp. 97-107, Feb., 2009.

L. Zhou, P. Khurd, S. Kulkarni, A. Rangarajan and G. Gindi, ``Aperture Optimization in Emission Imaging Using Ideal Observers for Joint Detection and Localization'', Phys. Med. Bio. , 53(8), pp. 2019-2034, March, 2008. PMCID: PMC2865200.

S. Kulkarni, P. Khurd, I. Hsiao, L. Zhou and G. Gindi, ``A channelized Hotelling observer study of lesion detection in SPECT MAP reconstruction using anatomical priors'', Phys. Med. Bio. , 52(12), pp. 3601-3617, 2007. PMCID: PMC2860873.

I.-T. Hsiao, P. Khurd, A. Rangarajan, and G. Gindi, ``An Overview of Fast Convergent Ordered-Subsets Reconstruction Methods for Emission Tomography Based on the Incremental EM Algorithm'', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A , 569, pp.429-433, Dec, 2006. PMCID: PMC1822629.

P. Khurd and G. Gindi, ``Decision Strategies that Maximize the Area Under the LROC curve'', PDF, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging , 24(12), pp.1626-1636, Dec, 2005.

P. Khurd and G. Gindi, ``Fast LROC analysis of Bayesian reconstructed emission tomographic images using model observers'', Phys. Med. Bio. , 50(7), pp. 1519-1532, 2005. PMCID: PMC2860870.

P. Khurd and G. Gindi, ``Rapid Computation of LROC Figures of Merit Using Numerical Observers (for SPECT/PET Reconstruction)'', PDF, IEEE Trans. Nuc. Sci., 52(3), pp. 618-626, 2005. PMCID: PMC2862501.

P. Khurd, I.-T. Hsiao, A. Rangarajan and G. R. Gindi, ``A Globally Convergent Regularized Ordered-Subset Algorithm for List-Mode Reconstruction'', IEEE Trans. Nuc. Sci. , PDF, 51(3), pp. 719-725, 2004.

J. Oldan, S. Kulkarni, Y. Xing, P. Khurd and G. R. Gindi, ``Channelized Hotelling and Human Observer Study of Optimal Smoothing in SPECT MAP Reconstruction'', IEEE Trans. Nuc. Sci. , PDF, 51(3), pp. 733-741, 2004.

I.-T. Hsiao, A. Rangarajan, P. Khurd and G. R. Gindi, ``An Accelerated Convergent Ordered Subset Algorithm for Emission Tomography'', PDF, Phys. Med. Biol. , 49(11), pp. 2145-2156, 2004.

Y. Xing, I.-T. Hsiao and G. R. Gindi, ``Rapid Calculation of Detectability in Bayesian Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography'', Phys. Med. Biol. , PDF, 48(22), pp. 3755-3773, Nov. 2003.

I.T. Hsiao, A. Rangarajan, and G.R. Gindi, ``A New Convex Edge-Preserving Median Prior with Applications to Tomography'', IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging, 22(5), pp. 580-585, May, 2003..
I.T. Hsiao, A. Rangarajan, and G.R. Gindi, ``Bayesian Image Reconstruction for Transmission Tomography Using Mixture Model Priors and Deterministic Annealing Algorithms'' PDF, Journal of Electronic Imaging 12(1),pp.7-16, Jan, 2003.
I.T. Hsiao, A. Rangarajan, and G.R. Gindi, ``Bayesian Image Reconstruction Using Mixture Models as Priors'', IEEE Trans. Image Processing, 11(12), pp.1466-1477, Dec. 2002,.
I.-T. Hsiao, and G.R. Gindi,``Noise Propagation from Attenuation Correction into PET Reconstructions'' PDF, IEEE TNS,Vol. 49, No. 1, pp.90-97, Feb. 2002.

A. Rangarajan, I.-T. Hsiao and G. Gindi, ``A Bayesian Joint Mixture Framework for the Integration of Anatomical Information in Functional Image Reconstruction", (PDF file), Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision 12(3):199-217, June, 2000.
D. Dougherty, I.-T. Hsiao, W. Wang, and G.R. Gindi, Computerized Biological Brain phantom for Evaluation of PET and SPECT Reconstruction, IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Science,vol 45, No.3, pp.1238-1243, 1998.
W. Wang and G. Gindi, ``Noise analysis of MAP-EM algorithms for emission tomography", Physics in Medicine and Biology,Vol 42, No. 11, pages 2215-2232, Nov. 1997.
S.J. Lee, I.-T. Hsiao, and G.R. Gindi, ``The Thin Plate as a Regularizer in Bayesian SPECT Reconstruction", IEEE Trans. on Nuclear Science, vol.44, no.3, pp.1381-1387, June 1997.
S. J. Lee, A. Rangarajan, and G. Gindi, ``Bayesian Image Reconstruction in SPECT Using Higher Order Mechanical Models as Priors", IEEE Trans. on Medical Imaging, vol.14, no.4, pp.669-680, December 1995.
G. Gindi, C. Darken, K. O'Brien, M. Stez and L. Deckelbaum, ``Neural Network and Conventional Classifiers for Fluorescence-Guided Laser Angioplasty", IEEE Trans. on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 38, pages 246-252, 1991.
G. Gindi, M. Lee, A. Rangarajan and G. Zubal, ``Bayesian Reconstruction of Functional Images Using Anatomical Information as Priors", IEEE Trans. on Medical Imaging, vol. 12, pages 670-680, Dec., 1993.
G. Zubal, C. Harrel, E. Smith, Z. Rattner, G. Gindi and P. Hoffer, ``Computerized Three-Dimensional Segmented Human Anatomy", Medical Physics, vol. 21, pages 299-302, March, 1994.

Conference Papers

L. Zhou and G. Gindi, ``Collimator Optimization in SPECT Using Different Tasks Involving Detection and Localization'', Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference IEEE NSS/MIC, Orlando, pp.3142-3144, Nov., 2010.

L. Zhou, B. Liu and G. Gindi, ``System and Reconstruction Optimization in SPECT Using Model Observers for Different Tasks'', Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference IEEE NSS/MIC, Orlando, pp.3581-3583, Nov., 2010.

B. Liu, P. Khurd and G. Gindi, ``Rapid Performance Evaluation for Ideal FROC and AFROC Observers'', Proc. SPIE Med. Imaging: Image Perception, Observer Performance and Technology Assessment, San Diego, USA, Vol. 7627, Feb., 2010.

L. Zhou, S. Kulkarni, B. Liu and G. Gindi: ``Strategies to Jointly Optimize SPECT Collimator and Reconstruction Parameters for a Detection Task'', Proc. IEEE Intl. Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, Boston, USA, pp.394 - 397 , July 2009.

P. Khurd, B. Liu, and G. Gindi, ``On Ideal AFROC and FROC Observers'', Proc. SPIE Med. Imag., Florida, USA, Vol. 7263, 72630S, 1-12, Feb., 2009.

B. Liu, L. Zhou, S. Kulkarni, and G. Gindi, ``Human Observer Efficiency for Signal Detection and Localization in Emission Tomographic Images'', Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference IEEE NSS/MIC, Dresden, Germany, pp.4340-4347, Nov., 2008.

B. Liu, L. Zhou, S. Kulkarni, and G. Gindi, ``Effects of Background Complexity on LROC Analysis of SPECT'', Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference IEEE NSS/MIC, Dresden, Germany, pp.4413-4417, Nov., 2008.

L. Zhou, and G. Gindi, ``Collimator Optimization in SPECT Based on an LROC Ideal Observer'', Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference IEEE NSS/MIC, Dresden, Germany, pp.5540-5547, Nov., 2008.

L. Zhou and G. Gindi, ``SPECT Image System Optimization Using Ideal Observer for Detection and Localization'', Proc. SPIE Med. Imag., San Diego, USA, Vol. 6917, pp. 69171D1-69171D8, Feb., 2008.

L. Zhou, P. Khurd, S. Kulkarni, A. Rangarajan and G. Gindi, ``Optimization of Pinhole Imaging System Using Ideal Observer for Detection and Localization'', Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference IEEE NSS/MIC, Honolulu, USA, pp.3978-3985, Oct., 2007.

S. Kulkarni, P. Khurd, L. Zhou and G. Gindi, ``Rapid Optimization of SPECT Scatter Correction Using Model LROC Observer'', Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference IEEE NSS/MIC, Honolulu, USA, pp.3986-3993, Oct., 2007.

L. Zhou, P. Khurd and G. Gindi, ``Optimization of Pinhole Emission Imaging Systems for Small Animal Imaging'', the 33rd Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, Stony Brook, USA, pp.94-95, March, 2007.

P. Khurd, L. Zhou , A. Rangarajan and G. Gindi, ``Aperture Optimization in Emission Imaging Using Optimal LROC Observers'', Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference IEEE NSS/MIC, San Diego, USA, pp. 1703-1710, Oct., 2006.

L. Zhou, J. Oldan, P. Fisher and G. Gindi, ``Low Contrast Lesion Detection in Tomosynthetic Breast Imaging Using a Realistic Breast Phantom'', PDF, Proc. SPIE Med. Imag. , Vol. 6142, pp.61425A-1--61425A-12, 2006.

S. Kulkarni, P. Khurd, I. Hsiao and G. Gindi, ``Effect on Lesion Detectability of Proximity to Anatomical Boundaries in Emission Tomography'', PDF, Proc. of 2005 IEEE NSS/MIC, Puerto Rico, USA, pp.2150-2154, 23-29 Oct., 2005., M07-227.

I. Hsiao, K. Lin, H. Huang, C. Wietholt, C. Chen and G. Gindi, ``The Investigation of Emission Reconstruction with Fewer Projection Views for Brain SPECT Imaging'', Proc. of 2005 IEEE NSS/MIC, Puerto Rico, USA, pp.2220-2203, 23-29 Oct., 2005., M07-272.

P. Khurd, S. Kulkarni and G. Gindi, ``Noise Propagation from Scatter Correction in SPECT MAP Reconstruction'', PDF, Intl. Meeting on Fully 3D Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , pp.97-100, Salt Lake City, 2005.

P. Khurd and G. Gindi, ``Decision Strategies Maximizing the Area Under the LROC curve'', PDF, Proc. SPIE Med. Imag. , Vol. 5749, pp. 150-161, 2005.

I.-T. Hsiao, A. Rangarajan, P. Khurd and G. Gindi, ``A Fast Convergent Ordered Subset Bayesian Reconstruction for Emission Tomography'', Proc. of 2004 IEEE NSS/MIC , Rome, Italy, 16-22 Oct., 2004., M10-168.

P. Khurd and G. Gindi, ``LROC Model Observers for Emission Tomographic Reconstruction'', PDF, Proc. SPIE Med. Imag., Vol. 5372, pp. 509-520, San Diego, 2004.

I.-T. Hsiao, P. Khurd, A. Rangarajan and G.R. Gindi, ``An Accelerated Convergent Ordered Subset Algorithm for 3D Emission Tomography'', proceeding of the 7th Intl. Meeting on Fully 3D Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Saint Malo, France, June 29 - July 4, 2003.

P. Khurd, Y. Xing, I.-T. Hsiao and G.R. Gindi, ``Fast Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Reconstruction for 2D SPECT'' (PDF file) , Proc. of 2002 IEEE NSS/MIC, Norfolk, Virginia, USA, 10-16 Nov., 2002.

Y. Xing, G. R. Gindi, ``Rapid Calculation of Detectability in Bayesian SPECT'' PDF, presented in 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging conference, July, 2002, Washington D.C.

I.T. Hsiao, A. Rangarajan and G.R. Gindi,``A new convergent MAP reconstruction algorithm for emission tomography using ordered subsets and separable surrogates'', Proceedings of 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging conference, July, 2002, Washington D.C.

I.T. Hsiao, A. Rangarajan, and G.R. Gindi, ``A Provably Convergent OS-EM Like Reconstruction Algorithm for Emission Tomography'', Proc. SPIE Inter. Symp. on Medical Imaging, San Diego, Feb., 2002.
Y. Xing, I.-T. Hsiao and G.R. Gindi, ``Efficient Calculation of Resolution and Variance in 2D SPECT'', Proc. of 2001 IEEE NSS/MIC , San Diego, California, USA, 4-10 Nov., 2001.

I.-T. Hsiao, A. Rangarajan and G.R. Gindi, ``A Median Prior for Tomographic Reconstruction'', proc. of 2001 IEEE NSS/MIC , San Diego, California, USA, 4-10 Nov., 2001.

I.-T. Hsiao, A. Rangarajan, Y. Xing and G.R. Gindi, ``A Smoothing Prior with Embedded Positivity Constraint for Tomographic Reconstruction'', Proceeding of the 6th Intl. Meeting on Fully 3D Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PDF Pacific Grove, California, USA, 30 Oct. to 2 Nov., 2001.

I.-T. Hsiao, A. Rangarajan, and G.R. Gindi, ``Bayesian Image Reconstruction for Transmission Tomography Using Mixture Model Priors and Deterministic Annealing Algorithms'' PDF, Proc. SPIE - Medical Imaging, Vol. 4322, pp.899-908, San Diego, CA, Feb. 2001

I.-T. Hsiao, and G.R. Gindi,``Noise Propagation from Attenuation Correction into PET Reconstructions'' PDF, to appear in proceeding of IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conferences at Lyon, France, 15-20 Oct, 2000.

I.-T. Hsiao, W. Wang, and G. Gindi, Performance Comparison of Smoothing and Gamma Priors for Transmission Tomography, PDF, Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conferences pp. 860-864, Vol 2, Seattle, Oct. 1999.
I.-T. Hsiao and G. Gindi, `` Comparison of Gamma-Regularized Bayesian Reconstruction to Segmentation-based Reconstruction for Transmission Tomography'', (PDF file), (abstract) Journal of Nuclear Medicine,Vol. 40, pp 74P, May 1999.
W. Wang, C. Goldstein and G. Gindi, ``Limited-Memory Quasi-Newton Iteratiive Reconstruction in Emission Computed Tomography", (PDF file), (abstract), Journal of Nuclear Medicine,Vol. 40, pp 74P, May 1999.
W. Wang, C. Goldstein and G. Gindi, `` Noise and Resolution of Gamma-Penalized Likelihood", PDF, Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging ConferencesVol. 2, pp.1136-1140, Nov. 1998.
I.-T. Hsiao, A. Rangarajan and G. Gindi, ``Joint-MAP Reconstruction/Segmentation for Transmission Tomography Using Mixture-Models as Priors", (PDF file), Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conferences, vol. III, pp.1689-1693, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Nov. 1998.
A. Rangarajan, I.-T. Hsiao and G. Gindi, ``Integrating Anatomical Priors in ECT reconstruction via Joint Mixtures and Mutual Information", (PDF file), Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, vol. III, pp.1584-1588 ,Toronto Ontario, Canada, Nov. 1998.
D. Dougherty, J. Nissanov and G. Gindi, ``Autoradiographic-Based Rat Brain Phantom for Emission Tomography", (PDF file), Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conferences, Vol. 2, pp. 1250-1254, Nov. 1998.
D. Dougherty, I.-T. Hsiao, W. Wang, and G.R. Gindi ``Computerized Biological Brain phantom for Evaluation of PET and SPECT Reconstruction", Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conferences, November, 1997.
S.J. Lee, I.-T. Hsiao and G. Gindi, `` Quantitative Effects of Using Thin-Plate Priors in Bayesian SPECT Reconstruction", SPIE - Image Reconstruction and Restoration II, vol. 3170, July, 1997.
G. Gindi, D. Dougherty, I.-T. Hsiao, and A. Rangarajan ``Autoradiographic-based phantoms for emission tomography", Proceedings of SPIE, Medical Imaging, vol.3034, no.1, pp.403-414, February 1997.
S. J. Lee and G. Gindi, ``The Thin Plate as a Regularizer in Bayesian SPECT Reconstruction", IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conferences, pages 1613-1617, November, 1996.
W. Wang and G. Gindi, ``Noise Analysis of Regularized EM for SPECT Reconstruction", IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conferences, pages 1933-1937, November, 1996.
A. Rangarajan, S. Lee, and G. Gindi, ``Mechanical Models as Priors in Bayesian Tomographic Reconstruction", in Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Analysis, K. Hanson and R. Silver, eds., pp. 117-124, Kluwer, 1995.
S. J. Lee, G. R. Gindi, I. G. Zubal and A. Rangarajan, ``Using Ground-Truth Data to Design Priors in Bayesian SPECT Reconstruction", Information Processing in Medical Imaging, pages 27-38, Y. Bizais and C. Barillot and R. D. Paola, Kluwer Academic Publishers, June, 1995.
S. J. Lee, A. Rangarajan and G. Gindi, ``A Comparative Study of the Effects of Using Higher Order Mechanical Priors in SPECT Reconstruction", IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conferences, pages 1696-1700, November, 1994.
G. Gindi and A. Rangarajan, ``What Can SPECT Reconstruction Learn from Autoradiography?", IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, pages 1715-1719, November, 1994.
G. Gindi, A. Rangarajan, M. Lee, P. J. Hong and G. Zubal, ``Bayesian Reconstruction for Emission Tomography via Deterministic Annealing", Information Processing in Medical Imaging, H. Barrett and A. Gmitro, Springer-Verlag, pages 322-338, 1993.
A. Rangarajan, M. Lee, G. Zubal and G. Gindi, ``A Continuation Method for Emission Tomography", Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, vol. II, pages 1204-1207, October, 1992.
S. J. Lee, A. Rangarajan and G. Gindi, ``Weak Plate Mechanical Models in Bayesian Reconstruction for Emission Tomography", Proc. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, vol. 3, 1533-1537, November, 1993.
G. Gindi, A. Rangarajan and G. Zubal, ``Atlas-Guided Segmentation of Brain Images via Optimizing Neural Networks, Proc. SPIE Biomedical Image Processing IV, February, 1993.
G. Gindi, A. Rangarajan and G. Zubal, ``Neural Network for Model Based Segmentation of MR Brain Images", Proc. 12th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference, pages 90-93, April, 1993.
G. Gindi, M. Lee, A. Rangarajan and I. G. Zubal, ``Bayesian Reconstruction of Functional Images Using Registered Anatomical Images as Priors", Information Processing in Medical Imaging, A. C. F. Colchester and D. J. Hawkes, Springer-Verlag, pages 121-131, 1991.

Ph.D. Dissertations

Santosh Kulkarni, Image Quality in MAP SPECT Reconstructions, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, May, 2009. PDF.
Lili Zhou, Low-Contrast Lesion Detection in Tomosynthetic Breast Imaging, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, May, 2007. PDF.
Parmeshwar Khurd, On Reconstruction Methods and Image Quality in Emission Tomography, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2005, PDF.
Yuxiang Xing, Rapid Calculation of Image Quality for Maximum a Posteriori Reconstruction in SPECT, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2003.
Ing-Tsung Hsiao, Bayesian Image Reconstruction for Emission and Transmission Tomography, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2000.
Doug Dougherty, Autoradiographic Phantoms for SPECT Reconstruction, Dept. of Anatomy, 1999.
Wenli Wang, Noise Analysis of Bayesian Reconstruction Algorithms in Emission Tomography , Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 1997.
Soo Jin Lee, Bayesian Image Reconstruction in Emission Computed Tomography , Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 1995.

Other Publications

J. Oldan and G. Gindi, ``2AFC Test Manual'', DOC , Tech. Report MIPL-04-01, 2004.

J. Oldan and G. Gindi, ``2AFC Test Program'', MATLAB script , 2004.

A. Rangarajan, P. Khurd, I.-T. Hsiao and G. R. Gindi, ``Convergence Proofs for the COSEM-ML and COSEM-MAP Algorithms", Technical Report PDF , Dec. 2003.

B. Liu and G. R. Gindi, ``Efficiency of the Human Observer in LROC Studies", Technical Report PDF , May 2008.

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